{"id":"Betula_pendula","k":"plant","sci":"Betula pendula","au":"Roth","zh":"垂枝桦","alias":["栓皮白桦","桦","桦木皮","桦树液","桦树皮","桦皮树","白桦","粉桦","蒙古桦木"],"fam":"Betulaceae","famZh":"桦木科","gen":"Betula","genZh":"桦属","lf":"乔木","cl":"温带","cn":true,"nat":true,"rl":"LC","safety":"restricted","powo":"295174-1","wd":"Q156895","zhwiki":"垂枝桦","dist":[["CHC","n"],["CHI","n"],["CHM","n"],["CHN","n"],["CHQ","n"],["CHT","n"]],"parts":[{"part":"叶","v":"restricted","note":"未经确认其食用安全性前，不得供为食品原料使用。","src":"tw_fda","ref":"未确认安全性尚不得使用之原料"},{"v":"restricted","note":"未经确认其食用安全性前，不得供为食品原料使用。","src":"tw_fda","ref":"未确认安全性尚不得使用之原料"}],"uses":[{"c":"其他","texts":["其他用途"],"refs":[0]},{"c":"农药","texts":["杀虫"],"refs":[1]},{"c":"工业原料","texts":["鞣料类","鞣料植物","栲胶"],"refs":[0,2,3,1]},{"c":"文化","texts":["RITc,d, used by ritual specialist."],"refs":[4]},{"c":"木材","texts":["薪柴","器具用材","建筑用材","野生建筑与工艺用植物","野生薪柴"],"refs":[2,5,6,7,1,8]},{"c":"染料","refs":[1]},{"c":"油料","texts":["油料植物","油脂"],"refs":[0,2,1]},{"c":"药用","texts":["痢疾"],"refs":[2,9,10,11,3,12,13,14]},{"c":"观赏","refs":[3,1,15]},{"c":"食用","texts":["饮料","茶用","饮用资源植物"],"refs":[3,1,15]},{"c":"饲料","texts":["密源植物"],"refs":[1,15,16]}],"refs":["中华人民共和国商业部土产废品局等编. 中国经济植物志[M]. 科学出版社, 1961.","苏亚拉图. 阿鲁科尔沁国家级自然保护区植物区系及其民族植物学研究[D]. 内蒙古农业大学,2013.","中国科学院中国植物志编辑委员会. 中国植物志[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 1996.","敖古干牧其尔. 内蒙古阿鲁科尔沁草原游牧系统野生植物资源调查研究[D]. 内蒙古师范大学,2017.","Sun. 2006. Plant knowledge of the Shuhi in the Hengduan Mountains, southwest China. Economic Botany 60(1):3–23.","乌柴夫. 内蒙古巴林左旗查干哈达苏木蒙古民族植物学研究[D]. 内蒙古师范大学,2019.","特日格勒赛罕. 内蒙古阿鲁科尔沁草原游牧系统的民族生态学研究[D]. 内蒙古师范大学,2017.","花尔. 内蒙古巴林右旗蒙古族传统植物学知识的研究[D]. 呼和浩特: 内蒙古师范大学, 2011.","韩苏雅. 内蒙古扎鲁特旗植物区系及其民族植物学研究[D]. 呼和浩特: 内蒙古师范大学, 2011","中国药材公司, 中国中药资源志要[M], 科学出版社，1994","乌尼尔,春亮,哈斯巴根. 内蒙古呼伦贝尔地区鄂温克族民间药用植物调查[J]. 中国野生植物资源, 2008, 27(6): 27-29, 58.","国家中医药管理局《中华本草》编委会. 中华本草：第二卷. 上海科学技术出版社, 1999.","王国强. 《全国中草药汇编》[M]. 北京：人民卫生出版社, 2014.","贾敏如, 李星炜. 中国民族药志要[M]. 中国医药科技出版社, 2005.","赵维良.法定药用植物志[M], 北京，科学出版社，2019.","苏亚拉图. 阿鲁科尔沁国家级自然保护区植物区系及其民族植物学研究[D]. 呼和浩特: 内蒙古农业大学, 2013.","陶阿茹娜. 内蒙古扎赉特旗蒙古族民族植物学研究[D]. 内蒙古师范大学,2016."],"flags":[{"f":"其他","src":["cn_useful"]},{"f":"农药","src":["cn_useful"]},{"f":"工业原料","src":["cn_useful"]},{"f":"文化","src":["cn_useful"]},{"f":"木材","src":["cn_useful"]},{"f":"染料","src":["cn_useful"]},{"f":"油料","src":["cn_useful"]},{"f":"药用","src":["cn_useful"]},{"f":"观赏","src":["cn_useful"]},{"f":"食用","src":["cn_useful","wcfp"],"ref":"Beckstrom-Sternberg, Stephen M., and James A. Duke. \"The Foodplant Database.\"; http://probe.nalusda.gov:8300/cgi-bin/browse/foodplantdb.(ACEDB version 4.0 - data version July 1994) (As Betula alba); Bodkin, F., 1991, Encyclopedia Botanica. Cornstalk publishing, p 144 (Also as Betula alba); Bremness, L., 1994, Herbs. Collins Eyewitness Handbooks. Harper Collins. p 39; Brown, D., 2002, The Royal Horticultural Society encyclopedia of Herbs and their uses. DK Books. p 142; Bussman, R. W., et al, 2016, A comparative ethnobotany of Khevsureti, Samtskhe-Javakheti, Tusheti, Svaneti, and Racha-Lechkhum"},{"f":"饲料","src":["cn_useful"]}]}