{"id":"Betula_utilis","k":"plant","sci":"Betula utilis","au":"D.Don","zh":"糙皮桦","alias":["桦树液","牛皮桦","红桦","红皮桦","纸皮桦","莙荙子","金平桦"],"fam":"Betulaceae","famZh":"桦木科","gen":"Betula","genZh":"桦属","lf":"乔木","cl":"温带","cn":true,"nat":true,"rl":"LC","safety":"food_record","powo":"295229-1","wd":"Q930814","zhwiki":"糙皮桦","dist":[["CHC","n"],["CHI","n"],["CHN","n"],["CHS","n"],["CHT","n"]],"uses":[{"c":"工业原料","texts":["鞣料类","鞣料植物"],"refs":[0,1]},{"c":"木材","refs":[1]},{"c":"药用","refs":[2,3]}],"refs":["中华人民共和国商业部土产废品局等编. 中国经济植物志[M]. 科学出版社, 1961.","中国科学院中国植物志编辑委员会. 中国植物志[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 1996.","中国药材公司, 中国中药资源志要[M], 科学出版社，1994","贾敏如, 李星炜. 中国民族药志要[M]. 中国医药科技出版社, 2005."],"flags":[{"f":"工业原料","src":["cn_useful"]},{"f":"木材","src":["cn_useful"]},{"f":"药用","src":["cn_useful"]},{"f":"食用","src":["wcfp"],"ref":"Ferns, Plants for the Future; Guo, C., et al, 2022, An Ethnobotany Survey of Wild Plants Used by the Tibetan People of the Yadong River Valley, Tibet, China. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine; Kishor, A., et al, 2018, Wild Food Plants of Himachal Pradesh: A Review. Plant Archives Vol. 18 No.2 pp. 2737-2751; Savita, et al, 2006, Studies on wild edible plants of ethnic people in east Sikkim. Asian J. of Bio Sci. (2006) Vol. 1 No. 2 : 117-125; Wild edible plants of Himachal Pradesh"}],"img":{"file":"Silver Birch (Bhojpatra) I IMG 3405.jpg","author":"J.M.Garg","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/"}}