{"id":"Brassica_rapa","k":"plant","sci":"Brassica rapa","au":"L.","zh":"蔓菁","alias":["乌塌菜","印度菜籽","变萝卜","圆根","塌古菜","塌棵菜","塌菜","塔菇菜","塔菜","大白菜","小松菜","小油菜","小白菜","小菘菜","水菜","油白菜","油菜","瓢儿芥","瓢儿菜","白菜","白菜型油菜","紫菜苔","红菜苔","结球白菜","芜菁","芜菁子","芜菁花","芜青","芸台","芸苔","芸苔子","芸苔子油","芸薹","菘","菘菜","菘菜子","菜心","菜苔","蔓青","西洋菜苔","雪里红","青梗白菜","青江菜","青菜","黄牙白","黄芽白菜"],"fam":"Brassicaceae","famZh":"十字花科","gen":"Brassica","genZh":"芸苔属","lf":"一年生草本或二年生草本","cl":"温带","cn":true,"cult":true,"rl":"DD","safety":"toxic","powo":"279485-1","wd":"Q3384","zhwiki":"芸薹","dist":[["CHC","i"],["CHN","i"],["CHS","i"],["TAI","i"]],"parts":[{"part":"叶","v":"food_record","use":"食品原料（可供直接食用）","src":"tw_fda","ref":"可供食品使用之原料"},{"part":"叶","v":"food_record","use":"食品原料（可供直接食用）","src":"tw_fda","ref":"可供食品使用之原料"},{"part":"叶","v":"food_record","use":"食品原料（可供直接食用）","src":"tw_fda","ref":"可供食品使用之原料"},{"part":"叶","v":"food_record","use":"食品原料（可供直接食用）","src":"tw_fda","ref":"可供食品使用之原料"}],"hazards":[{"lv":"toxic","label":"有毒","note":"未注明有毒部位与毒性强弱","src":"cn_toxic_1997","ref":"原文：芜菁 Brassica rapa L."},{"part":"果实、叶","label":"刺激皮肤","note":"或全株","toxins":"Gluconapin (But-3-enyl-GS); Progoitrin ((2R)-Hydroxybut-3-enyl-GS); Glucobrassicanapin (Pent-4-enyl-GS); Glucoiberverin (3-Methylthiopropyl-GS); Glucoerysolin (4-Methylsulfonylbutyl-GS); Glucoraphenin (4-Methylthiobut-3-enyl-GS); Glucoberteroin (5-Methylthiopentyl-GS); Glucoalyssin (5-Methylsulfinylpentyl-GS); Gluconasturtiin (2-Phenylethyl-GS)","src":"tppt"}],"uses":[{"c":"油料","texts":["油料植物"],"refs":[0]},{"c":"药用","refs":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7]},{"c":"食用","texts":["Vegetable","果蔬植物"],"refs":[8,0,9]},{"c":"饲料","refs":[0]}],"refs":["中国科学院中国植物志编辑委员会. 中国植物志[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 1996.","中国药材公司, 中国中药资源志要[M], 科学出版社，1994","国家中医药管理局《中华本草》编委会. 中华本草 维吾尔药卷[M]. 上海科学技术出版社, 2005.","国家中医药管理局《中华本草》编委会. 中华本草:藏药卷[M]. 上海科学技术出版社, 2002.","国家中医药管理局《中华本草》编委会. 中华本草：第三卷. 上海科学技术出版社, 1999.","王国强. 《全国中草药汇编》[M]. 北京：人民卫生出版社, 2014.","贾敏如, 李星炜. 中国民族药志要[M]. 中国医药科技出版社, 2005.","赵维良.法定药用植物志[M], 北京，科学出版社，2019.","Chun-Yan, Li, Guang-Yong, et al. A checklist of the cultivated plants of Yunnan (PR China)[J]. Genetic Resources & Crop Evolution, 2011.","王锦秀. 植物物种多样性变化对傣族原住民传统生物文化的影响[D]. 云南西双版纳: 中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园, 2002."],"flags":[{"f":"基因资源","src":["wcfp"]},{"f":"材料","src":["wcfp"]},{"f":"毒物","src":["wcfp"]},{"f":"油料","src":["cn_useful"]},{"f":"燃料","src":["wcfp"]},{"f":"环境用途","src":["wcfp"]},{"f":"药用","src":["cn_useful","wcfp"]},{"f":"食用","src":["cn_useful","wcfp"],"ref":"Bircher, A. G. & Bircher, W. H., 2000, Encyclopedia of Fruit Trees and Edible Flowering Plants in Egypt and the Subtropics. AUC Press. p 64; Gentes Herb. 4:329, t. 203, 207-210. 1940; Schneider, E., 2001, Vegetables from Amaranth to Zucchini: The essential reference. HarperCollins. p 119; Small, E., 2009, Top 100 Food Plants. The world's most important culinary crops. NRC Research Press. p 140; USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN). [Online Database] National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Available: www.ars-grin."},{"f":"饲料","src":["cn_useful","wcfp"]}],"img":{"url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Arya-%20field%20mustard-graha%20nuansa-2019-5.jpg?width=960","thumb":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Arya-%20field%20mustard-graha%20nuansa-2019-5.jpg?width=500","page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Arya-%20field%20mustard-graha%20nuansa-2019-5.jpg","author":"Aris riyanto","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","src":"commons"}}