{"id":"Citrus_x_aurantium","k":"plant","sci":"Citrus × aurantium","au":"L.","zh":"苦橙","alias":["九年母","代代酸橙","伊予柑","伊豫柑","克里曼丁红橘","南庄橙","厚叶橙","地中海红橘","夏橙","夏蜜柑","常山胡柚","来母","枳实","柑","柳橙","桶柑","椪柑","橘柚","橙","橙叶","橙皮","温州蜜柑","温州蜜柑油","玳玳花","甜橙","积壳","红柑","葡萄柚","葡萄柚油","虎头柑","酸橙","陈皮","黄果皮"],"fam":"Rutaceae","famZh":"芸香科","gen":"Citrus","genZh":"柑橘属","lf":"灌木或乔木","cl":"亚热带","cn":true,"cult":true,"safety":"restricted","powo":"59600-2","wd":"Q147096","zhwiki":"苦橙","dist":[["CHC","i"],["CHN","i"],["CHS","i"],["CHT","i"],["TAI","i"]],"parts":[{"part":"果实","v":"food_record","use":"食品原料（可供直接食用）","src":"tw_fda","ref":"可供食品使用之原料"},{"part":"果实","v":"food_record","use":"食品原料（可供直接食用）","src":"tw_fda","ref":"可供食品使用之原料"},{"part":"果实(含果皮)","v":"food_record","use":"食品原料（可供直接食用）","src":"tw_fda","ref":"可供食品使用之原料"},{"part":"果实（含果皮）","v":"food_record","use":"食品原料（可供直接食用）","note":"应符合卫生福利部108年10月18日卫授食字第1081302650号订定之「食品原料苦橙(Citrus aurantium)果实或其萃取物之使用限制及标示规定」公告内容，并自即日生效。 一、供食品原料使用之苦橙(Citrus aurantium)果实或其萃取物，应符合下列规定： (一)所含辛弗林(synephrine)浓度为百分之六以下。 (二)每日食用限量以所含辛弗林(synephrine)计为二十毫克。 (三)不得与含咖啡因之物质作为同一食品之原料。 二、使用苦橙果实或其萃取物作为原料之食品，应标示下列事项： (一)儿童、孕妇、哺喂母乳者、老年人及具心血管疾病者不宜使用。 (二)不得与咖啡因产品同时食用。 (三)服用药物者，在使用前须先咨询医疗人员。","src":"tw_fda","ref":"可供食品使用之原料"},{"part":"果皮","v":"food_record","use":"食品原料（可供直接食用）","src":"tw_fda","ref":"可供食品使用之原料"},{"part":"由果皮制取","v":"food_record","use":"食品原料（由植物制取的原料）","src":"tw_fda","ref":"可供食品使用之原料"},{"part":"由果皮制取","v":"food_record","use":"食品原料（由植物制取的原料）","src":"tw_fda","ref":"可供食品使用之原料"},{"part":"籽","v":"restricted","note":"1.未经确认其食用安全性前，不得供为食品原料使用。 2.「葡萄柚籽萃取物」经判定为「非传统性食品原料之申请作业指引」定义1之非传统性食品原料，请依「非传统性食品原料申请作业指引」之附件二「非传统性食品原料申请书」格式填写申请书，并检具90天喂食毒性试验、基因毒性试验及其他足以证明安全性等资料，俾供评估。","src":"tw_fda","ref":"未确认安全性尚不得使用之原料"},{"part":"花、叶","v":"food_record","use":"食品原料（供茶包、膳食调理包或萃取后作为原料）","src":"tw_fda","ref":"可供食品使用之原料"}],"uses":[{"c":"工业原料","texts":["芳香油类","芳香油类植物"],"refs":[0,1]},{"c":"油料","texts":["油料植物"],"refs":[1]},{"c":"药用","texts":["Medicine"],"refs":[2,3,1,4,5,6,7,8,9,10]},{"c":"观赏","texts":["Afforestation","rootstock"],"refs":[2]},{"c":"食用","texts":["AlltheprovinceSp.","Fruit","Spice and condiment","beverage","果蔬植物"],"refs":[2,1,11,8]}],"refs":["中华人民共和国商业部土产废品局等编. 中国经济植物志[M]. 科学出版社, 1961.","中国科学院中国植物志编辑委员会. 中国植物志[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 1996.","Chun-Yan, Li, Guang-Yong, et al. A checklist of the cultivated plants of Yunnan (PR China)[J]. Genetic Resources & Crop Evolution, 2011.","Zhang L , Zhuang H , Zhang Y , et al. Plants for health: an ethnobotanical 25-year repeat survey of traditional medicine sold in a major marketplace in North-west Yunnan, China[J]. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2018:S0378874118301399.","中国药材公司, 中国中药资源志要[M], 科学出版社，1994","国家中医药管理局《中华本草》编委会. 中华本草：第四卷. 上海科学技术出版社, 1999.","国家药典编委会，中国药典[M]","孟珍贵. 滇西北永芝村藏族的药用民族植物学研究[D]. 云南昆明: 中国科学院昆明植物研究所, 2005.","王锦秀. 植物物种多样性变化对傣族原住民传统生物文化的影响[D]. 云南西双版纳: 中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园, 2002.","贾敏如, 李星炜. 中国民族药志要[M]. 中国医药科技出版社, 2005.","赵维良.法定药用植物志[M], 北京，科学出版社，2019.","曹利民,徐华,席世丽. 江西赣南客家食用植物的民族植物学研究[J]. 赣南师范学院学报, 2011: 53-56."],"flags":[{"f":"基因资源","src":["wcfp"]},{"f":"工业原料","src":["cn_useful"]},{"f":"材料","src":["wcfp"]},{"f":"毒物","src":["wcfp"]},{"f":"油料","src":["cn_useful"]},{"f":"环境用途","src":["wcfp"]},{"f":"社会用途","src":["wcfp"]},{"f":"药用","src":["cn_useful","wcfp"]},{"f":"观赏","src":["cn_useful"]},{"f":"食用","src":["cn_useful","wcfp"],"ref":"Diazgranados, M., Allkin, B., Black, N., Cámara-Leret, R., Canteiro, C., Carretero, J., ... & Ulian, T. (2020). World Checklist of Useful Plant Species. Knowledge Network for Biocomplexity. doi:10.5063/F1CV4G34"},{"f":"饲料","src":["wcfp"]}],"img":{"url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Turun%C3%A7%20-%20Citrus%20aurantium%2002.JPG?width=960","thumb":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Turun%C3%A7%20-%20Citrus%20aurantium%2002.JPG?width=500","page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Turun%C3%A7%20-%20Citrus%20aurantium%2002.JPG","author":"Zeynel Cebeci","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","src":"commons"}}