{"id":"Cynara_cardunculus","k":"plant","sci":"Cynara cardunculus","au":"L.","zh":"大叶菜蓟","alias":["刺苞菜蓟","朝鲜蓟","洋菜蓟","菜蓟","食托菜蓟","食用蓟"],"fam":"Asteraceae","famZh":"菊科","gen":"Cynara","genZh":"菜蓟属","lf":"多年生草本","cl":"温带","cult":true,"rl":"LC","safety":"food_record","powo":"200876-1","wd":"Q7186137","zhwiki":"刺苞菜蓟","parts":[{"part":"花苞、花托、叶","v":"food_record","use":"食品原料（可供直接食用）","src":"tw_fda","ref":"可供食品使用之原料"}],"hazards":[{"label":"致敏","toxins":"Cynaropicrin; Dehydrocyanaropicrin; Grosshemin; Cynaratriol","src":"tppt"}],"flags":[{"f":"基因资源","src":["wcfp"]},{"f":"材料","src":["wcfp"]},{"f":"环境用途","src":["wcfp"]},{"f":"药用","src":["wcfp"]},{"f":"食用","src":["wcfp"],"ref":"Ben Ismail, H., 2013, Edible Wild Vegetables Used in North West of Tunisia. PARIPEX - Indian Journal of Reearch 2(9) :219-221; Bianchini, F., Corbetta, F., and Pistoia, M., 1975, Fruits of the Earth. Cassell. p 60; Biscotti, N. & Pieroni, A., 2015, The hidden Mediterranean diet: wild vegetables traditionally gathered and consumed in the Gargano area, Apulia, SE Italy. Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae 84 (3): 327-338; Biscotti, N. et al, 2018, The traditional food use of wild vegetables in Apulia (Italy) in the light of Italian ethnobotanical literature. Italian Botanist 5:1-24; Blamey, M a"},{"f":"饲料","src":["wcfp"]}],"img":{"file":"Cynara cardunculus in Edible Schoolyard Berkeley.jpg","author":"Burkhard Mücke","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/"}}