{"id":"Fraxinus_excelsior","k":"plant","sci":"Fraxinus excelsior","au":"L.","zh":"欧洲白蜡树","alias":["欧梣"],"fam":"Oleaceae","famZh":"木樨科","gen":"Fraxinus","genZh":"梣属","lf":"乔木","cl":"温带","rl":"NT","safety":"toxic","powo":"609009-1","wd":"Q156907","zhwiki":"欧洲白蜡树","parts":[{"v":"restricted","note":"未经确认其食用安全性前，不得供为食品原料使用。","src":"tw_fda","ref":"未确认安全性尚不得使用之原料"}],"hazards":[{"lv":"toxic","part":"果实、叶","label":"有毒（强度不明）","note":"或全株","toxins":"Cichoriin; Esculetin; Esculin; Fraxetin; Fraxin","src":"tppt"}],"flags":[{"f":"食用","src":["wcfp"],"ref":"Bodkin, F., 1991, Encyclopedia Botanica. Cornstalk publishing, p 479; Brickell, C. (Ed.), 1999, The Royal Horticultural Society A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants. Convent Garden Books. p 445; Bussman, R. W., et al, 2016, A comparative ethnobotany of Khevsureti, Samtskhe-Javakheti, Tusheti, Svaneti, and Racha-Lechkhumi, Republic of Georgia (Sakartvelo), Caucasus. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine (2016) 12:4; Bussman, R. W. et al, 2017, Ethnobotany of Samtskhe-Javakheti, Sakartvelo (Republic of Georgia), Caucasus. Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge Vol. 16(1) pp 7-24; Bussman, R. W"}]}