{"id":"Ginkgo_biloba","k":"plant","sci":"Ginkgo biloba","au":"L.","zh":"银杏","alias":["公孙树","白果","白果叶","白果根","银杏叶","银杏果","鸭掌树","鸭脚子"],"fam":"Ginkgoaceae","famZh":"银杏科","gen":"Ginkgo","genZh":"银杏属","lf":"乔木","cl":"温带","cn":true,"nat":true,"rl":"EN","safety":"restricted","powo":"262125-1","wd":"Q43284","zhwiki":"银杏","dist":[["CHC","i"],["CHN","i"],["CHS","n"]],"parts":[{"part":"叶","v":"restricted","note":"1.卫生福利部核有含本品项萃取物之药品许可证。 2.未经确认其食用安全性前，不得供为食品原料使用。","src":"tw_fda","ref":"未确认安全性尚不得使用之原料"},{"part":"种子","v":"food_record","use":"食品原料（可供直接食用）","note":"不得单一原料使用。","src":"tw_fda","ref":"可供食品使用之原料"}],"hazards":[{"part":"叶、种皮","label":"致敏","toxins":"Ginkgolic acid C13:0; Ginkgolic acid C15:0; Ginkgolic acid C15:1; Ginkgolic acid C17:1; Cardanol C13:0; Cardanol C15:0; Cardanol C15:1; Cardanol C17:1; Cardol C15:0; Cardol C15:1; Urushiol II (C15:1); 4-O-Methylpyridoxine (Ginkgotoxin)","src":"tppt"}],"uses":[{"c":"农药","texts":["土农药类","土农药植物"],"refs":[0,1]},{"c":"木材","refs":[1,2]},{"c":"药用","texts":["Medicine","Decoction of the leaves: against cardiac diseases; decoction or poultice of the bark: against joint pain and rheumatism.","药用类"],"refs":[3,4,5,0,1,6,7,8,9,10,11,12]},{"c":"观赏","texts":["Afforestation","Horticultural plant"],"refs":[3,1]},{"c":"食用","texts":["淀粉及糖类","果蔬植物"],"refs":[0,1,10,13]}],"refs":["中华人民共和国商业部土产废品局等编. 中国经济植物志[M]. 科学出版社, 1961.","中国科学院中国植物志编辑委员会. 中国植物志[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 1996.","黄婷婷,蒙姿蓉,刘彦秀,冯攀,潘彩薇,康秀琴. 广西龙胜平安寨传统利用植物资源的民族植物学调查[J]. 中国野生植物资源,2019,38 (04):84-92.","Chun-Yan, Li, Guang-Yong, et al. A checklist of the cultivated plants of Yunnan (PR China)[J]. Genetic Resources & Crop Evolution, 2011.","Weckerle C S , Ineichen R , Huber F K , et al. Mao's heritage: medicinal plant knowledge among the Bai in Shaxi, China, at a crossroads between distinct local and common widespread practice.[J]. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2009, 123(2):213-228.","Zhang L , Zhuang H , Zhang Y , et al. Plants for health: an ethnobotanical 25-year repeat survey of traditional medicine sold in a major marketplace in North-west Yunnan, China[J]. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2018:S0378874118301399.","中国药材公司, 中国中药资源志要[M], 科学出版社，1994","国家中医药管理局《中华本草》编委会. 中华本草：第二卷. 上海科学技术出版社, 1999.","国家药典编委会，中国药典[M]","杨新周,杨子仙,张晓梅,田先娇,马艳粉,杨兰芬. 云南德宏州芒市传统药市民族植物学研究[J]. 中药材,2018,41(01):60-65.","王静,彭书明,朱诗琪,苏万友,杨其亮. 重庆金佛山地区野生药食两用植物的民族植物学研究[J]. 植物资源与环境学报,2018,27(01):100-111.","贾敏如, 李星炜. 中国民族药志要[M]. 中国医药科技出版社, 2005.","赵维良.法定药用植物志[M], 北京，科学出版社，2019.","琚妍. 滇西北藏区野生食用植物的民族植物学调查[D]. 中央民族大学,2013."],"flags":[{"f":"农药","src":["cn_useful"]},{"f":"木材","src":["cn_useful"]},{"f":"材料","src":["wcfp"]},{"f":"环境用途","src":["wcfp"]},{"f":"药用","src":["cn_useful","wcfp"]},{"f":"观赏","src":["cn_useful"]},{"f":"食用","src":["cn_useful","wcfp"],"ref":"Ambasta, S.P. (Ed.), 2000, The Useful Plants of India. CSIR India. p 235; Bianchini, F., Corbetta, F., and Pistoia, M., 1975, Fruits of the Earth. Cassell. p 188; Bodkin, F., 1991, Encyclopedia Botanica. Cornstalk publishing, p 496; Bremness, L., 1994, Herbs. Collins Eyewitness Handbooks. Harper Collins. p 57; Brickell, C. (Ed.), 1999, The Royal Horticultural Society A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants. Convent Garden Books. p 470; Brown, D., 2002, The Royal Horticultural Society encyclopedia of Herbs and their uses. DK Books. p 224; Burkill, I.H., 1966, A Dictionary of the Economic Products of "}]}