{"id":"Lactuca_serriola","k":"plant","sci":"Lactuca serriola","au":"L.","zh":"毒莴苣","alias":["刺莴苣","野莴苣","阿尔泰莴苣"],"fam":"Asteraceae","famZh":"菊科","gen":"Lactuca","genZh":"莴苣属","lf":"一年生草本或二年生草本","cl":"温带","cn":true,"nat":true,"rl":"LC","safety":"toxic","powo":"228255-1","wd":"Q533481","zhwiki":"野莴苣","dist":[["CHC","i"],["CHI","n"],["CHN","i"],["CHS","i"],["CHX","n"],["TAI","i"]],"hazards":[{"lv":"toxic","part":"全株","label":"弱毒","note":"乳汁含量最高","toxins":"Lactucin; Lactucopicrin (Intybin); Lactupicrin; 8-Deoxylactucin; 11,13-Dihydrolactucin; 11,13-Dihydrolactucopicrin; Jacquinelin; Lactucin-15-oxalate; Lactucopicrin-15-oxalate; Leucodin; Lactuside A; Ixerin F 等 13 种","src":"tppt"}],"uses":[{"c":"食用","texts":["Potherb"],"refs":[0,1]}],"refs":["Kang Y , tukasztuczaj, Ye S , et al. Wild food plants and wild edible fungi of Heihe valley (Qinling Mountains, Shaanxi, central China): herbophilia and indifference to fruits and mushrooms[J]. ACTA SOC BOT POL, 2012, 2012,81(4)(-):405-413.","Luo B , Liu B , Zhang H , et al. Wild edible plants collected by Hani from terraced rice paddy agroecosystem in Honghe Prefecture, Yunnan, China[J]. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine, 2019, 15."],"flags":[{"f":"食用","src":["cn_useful","wcfp"],"ref":"Al-Fatimi, M. A., Wild Edible Plants Traditionally Collected and Used in Southern Yemen. Research Square. University of Aden. p 19; Ambasta, S.P. (Ed.), 2000, The Useful Plants of India. CSIR India. p 312; Ari, S., et al, 2015, Ethnobotanical survey of plants used in Afyonkarahisar-Turkey. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine 11:84; Beckstrom-Sternberg, Stephen M., and James A. Duke. \"The Foodplant Database.\"; http://probe.nalusda.gov:8300/cgi-bin/browse/foodplantdb.(ACEDB version 4.0 - data version July 1994) (As Lactuca scariola); Bianchini, F., Corbetta, F., and Pistoia, M., 1975, Frui"}],"img":{"url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/COI00041268%20-%20Lactuca%20dubia%20-%20Martin%2C%20Claudius%20-%20s.n..jpg?width=960","thumb":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/COI00041268%20-%20Lactuca%20dubia%20-%20Martin%2C%20Claudius%20-%20s.n..jpg?width=500","page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:COI00041268%20-%20Lactuca%20dubia%20-%20Martin%2C%20Claudius%20-%20s.n..jpg","author":"Herbarium of the University of Coimbra (COI)","license":"CC BY 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","src":"commons"}}