{"id":"Malus_domestica","k":"plant","sci":"Malus domestica","au":"(Suckow) Borkh.","zh":"苹果","alias":["塞威氏苹果","奈","新疆野苹果","柰","红肉苹果","苹果叶","苹果干细胞","苹果树","苹果皮","西洋苹果"],"fam":"Rosaceae","famZh":"蔷薇科","gen":"Malus","genZh":"苹果属","lf":"乔木","cl":"温带","cn":true,"nat":true,"safety":"toxic","powo":"726282-1","wd":"Q18674606","zhwiki":"蘋果樹","dist":[["CHI","i"],["CHQ","n"],["CHX","n"]],"parts":[{"part":"果实","v":"food_record","use":"食品原料（可供直接食用）","src":"tw_fda","ref":"可供食品使用之原料"},{"part":"细胞","v":"restricted","note":"以细胞培养之方式制成，未经确认其食用安全性前，不得供为食品原料使用。","src":"tw_fda","ref":"未确认安全性尚不得使用之原料"}],"hazards":[{"lv":"toxic","part":"种子","label":"弱毒","toxins":"Amygdalin","src":"tppt"}],"uses":[{"c":"药用","texts":["Medicine"],"refs":[0,1,2,3,4]},{"c":"观赏","texts":["Afforestation"],"refs":[0]},{"c":"食用","texts":["食用（ED）","果蔬植物"],"refs":[0,5]},{"c":"饲料","texts":["Fodder"],"refs":[0]}],"refs":["Chun-Yan, Li, Guang-Yong, et al. A checklist of the cultivated plants of Yunnan (PR China)[J]. Genetic Resources & Crop Evolution, 2011.","Zhang L , Zhuang H , Zhang Y , et al. Plants for health: an ethnobotanical 25-year repeat survey of traditional medicine sold in a major marketplace in North-west Yunnan, China[J]. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2018:S0378874118301399.","国家中医药管理局《中华本草》编委会. 中华本草 维吾尔药卷[M]. 上海科学技术出版社, 2005.","国家中医药管理局《中华本草》编委会. 中华本草：第四卷. 上海科学技术出版社, 1999.","赵维良.法定药用植物志[M], 北京，科学出版社，2019.","中国科学院中国植物志编辑委员会. 中国植物志[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 1996."],"flags":[{"f":"基因资源","src":["wcfp"]},{"f":"材料","src":["wcfp"]},{"f":"毒物","src":["wcfp"]},{"f":"燃料","src":["wcfp"]},{"f":"环境用途","src":["wcfp"]},{"f":"社会用途","src":["wcfp"]},{"f":"药用","src":["cn_useful","wcfp"]},{"f":"观赏","src":["cn_useful"]},{"f":"食用","src":["cn_useful","wcfp"],"ref":"Diazgranados, M., Allkin, B., Black, N., Cámara-Leret, R., Canteiro, C., Carretero, J., ... & Ulian, T. (2020). World Checklist of Useful Plant Species. Knowledge Network for Biocomplexity. doi:10.5063/F1CV4G34"},{"f":"饲料","src":["cn_useful"]}],"img":{"url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Tree%20with%20red%20apples%20in%20Barkedal%204.jpg?width=960","thumb":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Tree%20with%20red%20apples%20in%20Barkedal%204.jpg?width=500","page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tree%20with%20red%20apples%20in%20Barkedal%204.jpg","author":"W.carter","license":"CC0 1.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","src":"commons"}}