{"id":"Momordica_charantia","k":"plant","sci":"Momordica charantia","au":"L.","zh":"苦瓜","alias":["凉瓜","山苦瓜","癞葡萄","短果苦瓜","短角苦瓜","苦瓜子","野苦瓜"],"fam":"Cucurbitaceae","famZh":"葫芦科","gen":"Momordica","genZh":"苦瓜属","lf":"攀援一年生草本","cl":"湿润热带","cn":true,"safety":"restricted","powo":"293413-1","wd":"Q428750","zhwiki":"苦瓜","dist":[["CHC","i"],["CHS","i"]],"parts":[{"part":"果实、种子、叶","v":"food_record","use":"食品原料（可供直接食用）","src":"tw_fda","ref":"可供食品使用之原料"},{"part":"藤(茎)","v":"restricted","note":"判定为「非传统性食品原料申请作业指引」定义1之非传统性食品原料，如有需求，请依前述指引之附件二「非传统性食品原料申请书」提出申请。","src":"tw_fda","ref":"未确认安全性尚不得使用之原料"}],"uses":[{"c":"药用","texts":["Medicine"],"refs":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8]},{"c":"食用","texts":["Vegetable","果蔬植物","食用,药用"],"refs":[0,2,9,10,11]},{"c":"饲料","texts":["Fodder"],"refs":[0]}],"refs":["Chun-Yan, Li, Guang-Yong, et al. A checklist of the cultivated plants of Yunnan (PR China)[J]. Genetic Resources & Crop Evolution, 2011.","Zhang L , Zhuang H , Zhang Y , et al. Plants for health: an ethnobotanical 25-year repeat survey of traditional medicine sold in a major marketplace in North-west Yunnan, China[J]. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2018:S0378874118301399.","中国科学院中国植物志编辑委员会. 中国植物志[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 1996.","中国药材公司, 中国中药资源志要[M], 科学出版社，1994","国家中医药管理局《中华本草》编委会. 中华本草. 傣药卷[M]. 上海科学技术出版社, 2005.","国家中医药管理局《中华本草》编委会. 中华本草：第五卷. 上海科学技术出版社, 1999.","王国强. 《全国中草药汇编》[M]. 北京：人民卫生出版社, 2014.","贾敏如, 李星炜. 中国民族药志要[M]. 中国医药科技出版社, 2005.","赵维良.法定药用植物志[M], 北京，科学出版社，2019.","王娟. 德昂族传统利用植物初探[J]. 西南林学院学报, 2001, 21(1): 1-7.","王锦秀. 植物物种多样性变化对傣族原住民传统生物文化的影响[D]. 云南西双版纳: 中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园, 2002.","龙春林,李美兰. 西双版纳傣族曼仑村植物遗传资源研究:现状与保护策略[J]. 植物学通报, 2006, 23(2): 51-59."],"flags":[{"f":"基因资源","src":["wcfp"]},{"f":"材料","src":["wcfp"]},{"f":"毒物","src":["wcfp"]},{"f":"环境用途","src":["wcfp"]},{"f":"药用","src":["cn_useful","wcfp"]},{"f":"食用","src":["cn_useful","wcfp"],"ref":"Bitter cucumber references; Abbiw, D.K., 1990, Useful Plants of Ghana. West African uses of wild and cultivated plants. Intermediate Technology Publications and the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. p 39; Achigan-Dako, E, et al (Eds), 2009, Catalogue of Traditional Vegetables in Benin. International Foundation for Science.; Ali, A. M. S., 2005, Homegardens in Smallholder Farming Systems: Examples from Bangladesh. Human Ecology, Vol. 33, No. 2 pp. 245-270; Altschul, S.V.R., 1973, Drugs and Foods from Little-known Plants. Notes in Harvard University Herbaria. Harvard Univ. Press. Massachusetts. no. 43"},{"f":"饲料","src":["cn_useful","wcfp"]}],"img":{"url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Feuilles%20de%20Marg%C3%B4zy.jpg?width=960","thumb":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Feuilles%20de%20Marg%C3%B4zy.jpg?width=500","page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Feuilles%20de%20Marg%C3%B4zy.jpg","author":"Morenga01","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","src":"commons"}}