{"id":"Morus_alba","k":"plant","sci":"Morus alba","au":"L.","zh":"白桑","alias":["女桑","家桑","桑","桑树","湖桑","鲁桑","黄桑"],"fam":"Moraceae","famZh":"桑科","gen":"Morus","genZh":"桑属","lf":"乔木","cl":"温带","cn":true,"nat":true,"rl":"LC","safety":"toxic","powo":"30051955-2","wd":"Q157307","zhwiki":"白桑","dist":[["CHC","n"],["CHH","i"],["CHI","i"],["CHM","i"],["CHN","n"],["CHQ","i"],["CHS","i"],["CHT","i"],["CHX","i"],["TAI","i"]],"parts":[{"part":"果实、枝、叶","v":"food_record","use":"食品原料（可供直接食用）","src":"tw_fda","ref":"可供食品使用之原料"}],"hazards":[{"lv":"toxic","label":"有毒","note":"名录只列物种，未注明有毒部位与毒性强弱","src":"cn_toxic_1997","ref":"原文：桑 Morus alba L."}],"uses":[{"c":"木材","texts":["建材"],"refs":[0,1]},{"c":"纤维","refs":[0]},{"c":"药用","refs":[2,0,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20]},{"c":"食用","texts":["Vegetable","蔬菜，水果","蔬菜"],"refs":[21,22,1,23,24]},{"c":"饲料","texts":["经济昆虫寄生植物"],"refs":[0]}],"refs":["中国科学院中国植物志编辑委员会. 中国植物志[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 1996.","王锦秀. 植物物种多样性变化对傣族原住民传统生物文化的影响[D]. 云南西双版纳: 中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园, 2002.","Zhang L , Zhuang H , Zhang Y , et al. Plants for health: an ethnobotanical 25-year repeat survey of traditional medicine sold in a major marketplace in North-west Yunnan, China[J]. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2018:S0378874118301399.","中国药材公司, 中国中药资源志要[M], 科学出版社，1994","周劲松,卢碧钰,张丹雁,刘军民,王建刚,王利国,李润美,邓素坚. 广东阳春重阳传统药市药用民族植物学研究[J]. 广西植物,2016,36(09):1126-1136+1118.","国家中医药管理局《中华本草》编委会. 中华本草 维吾尔药卷[M]. 上海科学技术出版社, 2005.","国家中医药管理局《中华本草》编委会. 中华本草 苗药卷[M]. 贵州科技出版社, 2005.","国家中医药管理局《中华本草》编委会. 中华本草. 傣药卷[M]. 上海科学技术出版社, 2005.","国家中医药管理局《中华本草》编委会. 中华本草. 蒙药卷[M]. 上海科学技术出版社, 2004.","国家中医药管理局《中华本草》编委会. 中华本草：第二卷. 上海科学技术出版社, 1999.","国家药典编委会，中国药典[M]","尹显梅,尹博睿,张开元,薛倩倩,刘娟汝,蒋桂华,张丹,尹鸿翔. 四川德昌傈僳族端午节药市的民族植物学分析[J]. 中国实验方剂学杂志,2017,23(08):32-38.","杨新周,杨子仙,张晓梅,田先娇,马艳粉,杨兰芬. 云南德宏州芒市传统药市民族植物学研究[J]. 中药材,2018,41(01):60-65.","杨维泽,金航,许宗亮,陈秀花,杨美权,杨绍兵,杨天梅,钱均祥,张金渝. 贵州毕节地区端午药市的民族药用植物资源研究[J]. 植物遗传资源学报,2015,16(02):222-230.","梁立梅. 内蒙古奈曼旗蒙古族药用民族植物学的研究[D]. 内蒙古: 内蒙古师范大学, 2012.","淮虎银. 金平者米拉祜族药用民族植物学研究[D]. 云南昆明: 中国科学院昆明植物研究所, 2000.","贾敏如, 李星炜. 中国民族药志要[M]. 中国医药科技出版社, 2005.","赵维良.法定药用植物志[M], 北京，科学出版社，2019.","郑希龙, 甘炳春, 孙伟, et al. “材”类黎药资源的传统利用[J]. 世界科学技术：中医药现代化, 2014(2):313-318.","郑希龙,甘炳春,孙伟,等. “材”类黎药资源的传统利用[J]. 世界科学技术-中医药现代化, 2014, 16(2): 313-318.","陶阿茹娜. 内蒙古扎赉特旗蒙古族民族植物学研究[D]. 内蒙古师范大学,2016.","You-Kai X , Guo-Da T , Hong-Mao L , et al. Wild Vegetable Resources and Market Survey in Xishuangbanna, Southwest China[J]. Economic Botany, 2004, 58(4):647-667.","布日额. 内蒙古哲里木蒙古族民间食用野果植物的民族植物学研究[J]. 亚太传统医药, 2011, 7(1): 36-37.","王静,王陶芬,邱诚,等. 凉山州彝、汉混居区饮食文化中的野生植物利用初探[J]. 植物分类与资源学报, 2013, 35(4): 461-471.","黄珂，苏仕林. 桂西壮族饮食文化中野生食用植物的民族植物学研究[J]. 植物资源与环境学报，2017，26(02):97-106."],"flags":[{"f":"基因资源","src":["wcfp"]},{"f":"木材","src":["cn_useful"]},{"f":"材料","src":["wcfp"]},{"f":"毒物","src":["wcfp"]},{"f":"燃料","src":["wcfp"]},{"f":"环境用途","src":["wcfp"]},{"f":"纤维","src":["cn_useful"]},{"f":"药用","src":["cn_useful","wcfp"]},{"f":"食用","src":["cn_useful","wcfp"],"ref":"Addis, G., et al, 2005, Ethnobotanical Study of Edible Wild Plants in Some Selected Districts of Ethiopia. Human Ecology, Vol. 33, No. 1, pp. 83-118; Afzal, S., et al, 2009, Ethno-botanical Studies from Northern Pakistan. J. Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad 21(1); Ali, H., et al, 2011, Ethnobotanical profile of some plant resources in Malam Jabba valley of Swat, Pakistan. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research Vol. 5(18), pp 4676-4687; Ambasta, S.P. (Ed.), 2000, The Useful Plants of India. CSIR India. p 381; Anderson, E. F., 1993, Plants and people of the Golden Triangle. Dioscorides Press. p 216; Ashto"},{"f":"饲料","src":["cn_useful","wcfp"]}]}