{"id":"Papaver_somniferum","k":"plant","sci":"Papaver somniferum","au":"L.","zh":"罂粟","fam":"Papaveraceae","famZh":"罂粟科","gen":"Papaver","genZh":"罂粟属","lf":"一年生草本","cl":"温带","cn":true,"rl":"LC","safety":"toxic","powo":"673724-1","wd":"Q131584","zhwiki":"罌粟","dist":[["CHC","i"],["CHH","i"],["CHI","i"],["CHM","i"],["CHN","i"],["CHQ","i"],["CHS","i"],["CHT","i"],["CHX","i"]],"parts":[{"v":"restricted","note":"1.「罂粟」列属我国「毒品危害防制条例」中之管制项目。 2.罂粟及其相关制品，不得供为食品原料使用。","src":"tw_fda","ref":"未确认安全性尚不得使用之原料"}],"hazards":[{"lv":"toxic","part":"全株","label":"强毒","note":"蒴果、乳汁（种子除外）含量最高","toxins":"Morphine; Codeine; (-)-Thebaine (Paramorphing); Oripavine; Papaverine; Noscapine (Narcotine); Cheilanthifoline; Narcotoline; Narceine; Poyrphyroxine; Norcoclaurine; Isocorypalmine (Tetrahydrocolumbamine) 等 24 种","src":"tppt"}],"uses":[{"c":"油料","texts":["油料植物"],"refs":[0]},{"c":"药用","texts":["Medicine"],"refs":[1,2,0,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]},{"c":"观赏","texts":["Horticultural plant"],"refs":[1]},{"c":"食用","texts":["oil & fats","食用（ED）","Aroma"],"refs":[1,10]}],"refs":["中国科学院中国植物志编辑委员会. 中国植物志[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 1996.","Chun-Yan, Li, Guang-Yong, et al. A checklist of the cultivated plants of Yunnan (PR China)[J]. Genetic Resources & Crop Evolution, 2011.","Zhang L , Zhuang H , Zhang Y , et al. Plants for health: an ethnobotanical 25-year repeat survey of traditional medicine sold in a major marketplace in North-west Yunnan, China[J]. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2018:S0378874118301399.","中国药材公司, 中国中药资源志要[M], 科学出版社，1994","国家中医药管理局《中华本草》编委会. 中华本草 维吾尔药卷[M]. 上海科学技术出版社, 2005.","国家中医药管理局《中华本草》编委会. 中华本草：第三卷. 上海科学技术出版社, 1999.","国家药典编委会，中国药典[M]","孟珍贵. 滇西北永芝村藏族的药用民族植物学研究[D]. 云南昆明: 中国科学院昆明植物研究所, 2005.","贾敏如, 李星炜. 中国民族药志要[M]. 中国医药科技出版社, 2005.","赵维良.法定药用植物志[M], 北京，科学出版社，2019.","Wu M , Guo P , Tsui S W , et al. An ethnobotanical survey of medicinal spices used in Chinese hotpot[J]. Food Research International, 2012, 48(1):226-232."],"flags":[{"f":"基因资源","src":["wcfp"]},{"f":"材料","src":["wcfp"]},{"f":"毒物","src":["wcfp"]},{"f":"油料","src":["cn_useful"]},{"f":"环境用途","src":["wcfp"]},{"f":"社会用途","src":["wcfp"]},{"f":"药用","src":["cn_useful","wcfp"]},{"f":"观赏","src":["cn_useful"]},{"f":"食用","src":["cn_useful","wcfp"],"ref":"Ambasta, S.P. (Ed.), 2000, The Useful Plants of India. CSIR India. p 428; Baser, K. H. C. & Arslan, N., 2014, Opium poppy (Papaver somniferum), in Z. Yaniv, N. Dudai (eds.), Medicinal and Aromatic Plants of the Middle-East, Springer p 305; Blamey, M and Grey-Wilson, C., 2005, Wild flowers of the Mediterranean. A & C Black London. p 60; Bodkin, F., 1991, Encyclopedia Botanica. Cornstalk publishing, p 760; Bremness, L., 1994, Herbs. Collins Eyewitness Handbooks. Harper Collins. p 263; Brickell, C. (Ed.), 1999, The Royal Horticultural Society A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants. Convent Garden Book"}],"img":{"url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Papaver%20somniferum%20flowers.jpg?width=960","thumb":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Papaver%20somniferum%20flowers.jpg?width=500","page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Papaver%20somniferum%20flowers.jpg","author":"tanja van den berg-niggendijker","license":"CC BY 2.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/","src":"commons"}}