{"id":"Picea_abies","k":"plant","sci":"Picea abies","au":"(L.) H.Karst.","zh":"欧洲云杉","alias":["挪威云杉木酚素"],"fam":"Pinaceae","famZh":"松科","gen":"Picea","genZh":"云杉属","lf":"乔木","cl":"温带","rl":"LC","safety":"toxic","powo":"262609-1","wd":"Q145992","zhwiki":"歐洲雲杉","parts":[{"part":"由挪威云杉萃取纯化","v":"restricted","note":"未经确认其食用安全性前，不得供作食品原料使用。","src":"tw_fda","ref":"未确认安全性尚不得使用之原料"}],"hazards":[{"lv":"toxic","part":"全株","label":"弱毒","toxins":"(+)-alpha-Pinene; (-)-alpha-Pinene; (+)-beta-Pinene; (-)-beta-Pinene; (+)-Limonene; (-)-Limonene; beta-Phellandrene; Camphene","src":"tppt"}],"flags":[{"f":"食用","src":["wcfp"],"ref":"Abbet, C., et al, 2014, Ethnobotanical survey on wild alpine food plants in Lower and Central Valais (Switzerland). Journal of Ethnopharmacology 151 (2014) 624–634; Ambasta, S.P. (Ed.), 2000, The Useful Plants of India. CSIR India. p 453; Christanell, A., et al, 2010, The Cultural Significance of Wild Gathered Plant Species in Kartitsch (Eastern Tyrol, Austria) and the Influence of Socioeconomic Changes on Local Gathering Practices. Chapter 3 in Ethnobotany in the New Europe. Berghahn Books. ; Coombes, A.J., 2000, Trees. Dorling Kindersley Handbooks. p 62; Cundall, P., (ed.), 2004, Gardening A"}],"img":{"file":"Kuusk Keila-Paldiski rdt ääres.jpg","author":"Ivar Leidus","license":"Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Estonia","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ee/"}}