{"id":"Pinus_sylvestris","k":"plant","sci":"Pinus sylvestris","au":"L.","zh":"欧洲赤松","alias":["兴凯松","兴凯湖松","兴凯赤松","樟子松","欧洲松","海拉尔松","獐子松","蒙古樟子松","黑河赤松"],"fam":"Pinaceae","famZh":"松科","gen":"Pinus","genZh":"松属","lf":"乔木","cl":"温带","cn":true,"nat":true,"rl":"LC","safety":"toxic","powo":"263353-1","wd":"Q133128","zhwiki":"歐洲赤松","dist":[["CHI","n"],["CHM","n"]],"parts":[{"part":"芽","v":"restricted","note":"未经确认其食用安全性前，不得供为食品原料使用。","src":"tw_fda","ref":"未确认安全性尚不得使用之原料"}],"hazards":[{"lv":"toxic","part":"地上部分","label":"弱毒","toxins":"alpha-Pipecoline (2-Methylpiperidine; Euphococcinine; alpha-Cadinol; (+)-alpha-Pinene; (-)-alpha-Pinene; (+)-beta-Pinene; (-)-beta-Pinene; (+)-Limonene; (-)-Limonene; delta-3-Carene; Abietic acid; Bornyl acetate 等 17 种","src":"tppt"}],"uses":[{"c":"工业原料","texts":["鞣料类"],"refs":[0]}],"refs":["中华人民共和国商业部土产废品局等编. 中国经济植物志[M]. 科学出版社, 1961."],"flags":[{"f":"工业原料","src":["cn_useful"]},{"f":"材料","src":["wcfp"]},{"f":"燃料","src":["wcfp"]},{"f":"环境用途","src":["wcfp"]},{"f":"社会用途","src":["wcfp"]},{"f":"药用","src":["wcfp"]},{"f":"食用","src":["wcfp"],"ref":"Brickell, C. (Ed.), 1999, The Royal Horticultural Society A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants. Convent Garden Books. p 803; Christanell, A., et al, 2010, The Cultural Significance of Wild Gathered Plant Species in Kartitsch (Eastern Tyrol, Austria) and the Influence of Socioeconomic Changes on Local Gathering Practices. Chapter 3 in Ethnobotany in the New Europe. Berghahn Books. ; Coombes, A.J., 2000, Trees. Dorling Kindersley Handbooks. p 74; Cundall, P., (ed.), 2004, Gardening Australia: flora: the gardener's bible. ABC Books. p 1051; Denes, A., et al, 2012, Wild plants used for food by Hungar"}]}