{"id":"Piper_nigrum","k":"plant","sci":"Piper nigrum","au":"L.","zh":"胡椒","alias":["白胡椒","胡椒油"],"fam":"Piperaceae","famZh":"胡椒科","gen":"Piper","genZh":"胡椒属","lf":"攀援灌木或乔木","cl":"湿润热带","cn":true,"safety":"toxic","powo":"682369-1","wd":"Q43084","zhwiki":"胡椒","dist":[["CHC","i"],["CHS","i"]],"parts":[{"part":"果实","v":"food_record","use":"食品原料（可供直接食用）","src":"tw_fda","ref":"可供食品使用之原料"},{"part":"由果实制取","v":"food_record","use":"食品原料（由植物制取的原料）","src":"tw_fda","ref":"可供食品使用之原料"},{"part":"茎(枝)","v":"restricted","note":"未经确认其食用安全性前，不得供为食品原料使用。","src":"tw_fda","ref":"未确认安全性尚不得使用之原料"}],"hazards":[{"lv":"toxic","label":"有毒","note":"名录只列物种，未注明有毒部位与毒性强弱","src":"cn_toxic_1997","ref":"原文：胡椒 P.nigrum L."}],"uses":[{"c":"工业原料","texts":["芳香油类","芳香油类植物"],"refs":[0,1]},{"c":"药用","texts":["Medicine","药用类"],"refs":[2,3,0,1,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11]},{"c":"食用","texts":["Spice and condiment","Aroma","酿酒"],"refs":[2,12,13,14]}],"refs":["中华人民共和国商业部土产废品局等编. 中国经济植物志[M]. 科学出版社, 1961.","中国科学院中国植物志编辑委员会. 中国植物志[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 1996.","Chun-Yan, Li, Guang-Yong, et al. A checklist of the cultivated plants of Yunnan (PR China)[J]. Genetic Resources & Crop Evolution, 2011.","Zhang L , Zhuang H , Zhang Y , et al. Plants for health: an ethnobotanical 25-year repeat survey of traditional medicine sold in a major marketplace in North-west Yunnan, China[J]. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2018:S0378874118301399.","国家中医药管理局《中华本草》编委会. 中华本草. 傣药卷[M]. 上海科学技术出版社, 2005.","国家中医药管理局《中华本草》编委会. 中华本草. 蒙药卷[M]. 上海科学技术出版社, 2004.","国家中医药管理局《中华本草》编委会. 中华本草:藏药卷[M]. 上海科学技术出版社, 2002.","国家中医药管理局《中华本草》编委会. 中华本草：第三卷. 上海科学技术出版社, 1999.","国家药典编委会，中国药典[M]","杨新周,杨子仙,张晓梅,田先娇,马艳粉,杨兰芬. 云南德宏州芒市传统药市民族植物学研究[J]. 中药材,2018,41(01):60-65.","贾敏如, 李星炜. 中国民族药志要[M]. 中国医药科技出版社, 2005.","赵维良.法定药用植物志[M], 北京，科学出版社，2019.","Wu M , Guo P , Tsui S W , et al. An ethnobotanical survey of medicinal spices used in Chinese hotpot[J]. Food Research International, 2012, 48(1):226-232.","黄婷婷,蒙姿蓉,刘彦秀,冯攀,潘彩薇,康秀琴. 广西龙胜平安寨传统利用植物资源的民族植物学调查[J]. 中国野生植物资源,2019,38 (04):84-92.","黄玉绿,郭志永,刘宇婧,等. 广西靖西县壮族民间对植物的命名[J]. 植物分类与资源学报, 2013, v. 35(4): 443-452."],"flags":[{"f":"基因资源","src":["wcfp"]},{"f":"工业原料","src":["cn_useful"]},{"f":"材料","src":["wcfp"]},{"f":"毒物","src":["wcfp"]},{"f":"环境用途","src":["wcfp"]},{"f":"药用","src":["cn_useful","wcfp"]},{"f":"食用","src":["cn_useful","wcfp"],"ref":"Ambasta, S.P. (Ed.), 2000, The Useful Plants of India. CSIR India. p 460; Balkrishna, A., et al, 2022, Indigenous Uses of Plants among Forest-dependent Communities of Seijosa, Arunachal Pradesh. International Journal of Economic Plants 2022, 9(1):064-080; Bodkin, F., 1991, Encyclopedia Botanica. Cornstalk publishing, p 804; Bremness, L., 1994, Herbs. Collins Eyewitness Handbooks. Harper Collins. p 283; Brickell, C. (Ed.), 1999, The Royal Horticultural Society A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants. Convent Garden Books. p 804; Burkill, H. M., 1985, The useful plants of west tropical Africa, Vol. 4."},{"f":"饲料","src":["wcfp"]}],"img":{"file":"Black Pepper IMG 4866 - 02.jpg","author":"Hubertl","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/"}}