{"id":"Vitis_vinifera","k":"plant","sci":"Vitis vinifera","au":"L.","zh":"葡萄","alias":["红葡萄叶萃取物","酿酒葡萄"],"fam":"Vitaceae","famZh":"葡萄科","gen":"Vitis","genZh":"葡萄属","lf":"木质藤本","cl":"温带","cn":true,"rl":"LC","safety":"restricted","powo":"30478388-2","wd":"Q30046","zhwiki":"葡萄 (物种)","dist":[["CHC","i"],["CHN","i"],["CHS","i"],["CHT","i"]],"parts":[{"part":"叶","v":"food_record","use":"食品原料（由植物制取的原料）","note":"每日食用限量为720毫克","src":"tw_fda","ref":"可供食品使用之原料"},{"part":"果实","v":"food_record","use":"食品原料（可供直接食用）","src":"tw_fda","ref":"可供食品使用之原料"},{"part":"根、茎、藤、嫩芽","v":"restricted","note":"未经确认其食用安全性前，不得供为食品原料使用。","src":"tw_fda","ref":"未确认安全性尚不得使用之原料"},{"part":"种子、果皮","v":"food_record","use":"食品原料（可供直接食用）","note":"「葡萄种子或果皮萃取物」应另符合卫生福利部113年7月11日卫授食字第1131301534号公告订定之「食品原料葡萄种子或果皮萃取物之使用限制」，并自发布日生效。详细讯息可至卫生福利部食品药物管理署网站(http://www.fda.gov.tw/TC/index.aspx)之「公告资讯」项下之「本署公告」查询。 一、 本规定所定葡萄种子或果皮萃取物原料，系由葡萄(Vitis vinifera)之种子或果皮，经萃取制得。 二、 前点制得之葡萄种子或果皮萃取物原料，其每日食用限量，以前(原)花青素(proanthocyanidin)计为150毫克。","src":"tw_fda","ref":"可供食品使用之原料"}],"hazards":[{"part":"全株","label":"刺激皮肤","toxins":"Oxalic acid; Calcium oxalat","src":"tppt"}],"uses":[{"c":"油料","refs":[0]},{"c":"药用","texts":["Medicine"],"refs":[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10]},{"c":"观赏","texts":["shadingplant"],"refs":[1]},{"c":"食用","texts":["Fruit","淀粉及糖类","果蔬植物"],"refs":[1,0,3]},{"c":"饲料","texts":["Fodder"],"refs":[1]}],"refs":["中华人民共和国商业部土产废品局等编. 中国经济植物志[M]. 科学出版社, 1961.","Chun-Yan, Li, Guang-Yong, et al. A checklist of the cultivated plants of Yunnan (PR China)[J]. Genetic Resources & Crop Evolution, 2011.","Zhang L , Zhuang H , Zhang Y , et al. Plants for health: an ethnobotanical 25-year repeat survey of traditional medicine sold in a major marketplace in North-west Yunnan, China[J]. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2018:S0378874118301399.","中国科学院中国植物志编辑委员会. 中国植物志[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 1996.","国家中医药管理局《中华本草》编委会. 中华本草 维吾尔药卷[M]. 上海科学技术出版社, 2005.","国家中医药管理局《中华本草》编委会. 中华本草. 蒙药卷[M]. 上海科学技术出版社, 2004.","国家中医药管理局《中华本草》编委会. 中华本草:藏药卷[M]. 上海科学技术出版社, 2002.","国家中医药管理局《中华本草》编委会. 中华本草：第五卷. 上海科学技术出版社, 1999.","王国强. 《全国中草药汇编》[M]. 北京：人民卫生出版社, 2014.","贾敏如, 李星炜. 中国民族药志要[M]. 中国医药科技出版社, 2005.","赵维良.法定药用植物志[M], 北京，科学出版社，2019."],"flags":[{"f":"基因资源","src":["wcfp"]},{"f":"材料","src":["wcfp"]},{"f":"油料","src":["cn_useful"]},{"f":"燃料","src":["wcfp"]},{"f":"社会用途","src":["wcfp"]},{"f":"药用","src":["cn_useful","wcfp"]},{"f":"观赏","src":["cn_useful"]},{"f":"食用","src":["cn_useful","wcfp"],"ref":"Abbiw, D.K., 1990, Useful Plants of Ghana. West African uses of wild and cultivated plants. Intermediate Technology Publications and the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. p 46; Ambasta, S.P. (Ed.), 2000, The Useful Plants of India. CSIR India. p 684; Bernal, R., et al, (Eds), 2016, Catalogo de Plantas y Liquenes de Colombia, Volumen 2, Magnoliaceae a Zygophyllaceae. Universidad Nacional de Colombia. p 2558; Bernholt, H. et al, 2009, Plant species richness and diversity in urban and peri-urban gardens of Niamey, Niger. Agroforestry Systems 77:159-179; Bianchini, F., Corbetta, F., and Pistoia, M., 197"},{"f":"饲料","src":["cn_useful","wcfp"]}],"img":{"file":"Illustration Vitis vinifera Prof. Dr. Otto Wilhelm Thomé 1885.png","author":"Birkho","license":"CC0 1.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/"}}